Results
Task 1:
Verb: tense, mood, number, person
Noun: number, person, gender, case
Task 2:
Noun: plural
Verb: third person singular present tense
past tense comparatives verbals
Task 3:
e.g.: hair, fruit, coal, people, milk, furniture
Task 4:
1) Bring me my tool box.
2) I guess I should put on shoes.
3) We take it as a challenge to integrate in a natural way the newest discoveries of plate tectonics, marine geology, geochemistry and geophysics...
4) You have to take off the light fixture.
5) Just take a screw driver and take those off.
Task 5:
1. The tactical adjustment is the devoicing of /z/ to /s/ after voiceless obstruents.
2. Sonorants include vowels, glides, liquids, nasals and nonobstruents. They are produced by using relatively free airflow through the mouth or the nose. Some of them are: [l], [w], [r], [n].
3. -two Middle English changes
a) The voicing of fricatives in the margins of weak syllables b) The deletion of certain weak vowels
-one ‘automatic’ tactical adjustment
Task 6:
1) he, she, we
2) these, those
3) myself, herself, ourselves
4) one another
5) yours, ours, hers
6) all, somebody
7) that, whose, whom
8) which, whose
Task 7:
- The pronoun T was used in intimate situations and when the speaker wanted to show the listeners his or her solidarity.
- The V-form indicated power and status between the interlocutors.
Task 8:
You:
- distal pronoun
- talks about business, unreal conditions and social superiors.
Thou:
- proximal pronoun
- topic was ”restricted to an immediate, factual or real present”
Task 9:
Strong | Weak | ||
transitive | intransitive | transitive | intransitive |
to write | to go | to believe | to live |
to eat | to talk | ||
to read | to die | ||
to run | to laugh | ||
to think | to cry | ||
to sing | to smell |
Task 10:
Person | Ind. Present | Ind.Past |
1 sing. ic | fealle | fealle |
2 sing. ðū | feallst | fealle |
3 sing. hē | fealleþ | fealle |
1 plur. wē | feallaþ | feallen |
2 plur. gē | feallaþ | feallen |
3 plur. hīe | feal | feallen |
Task 11:
Old English: lyfde, hæfde, mede, bringan, geywan, nefne
Modern English: held, wanted, gained, made, proffer, give, find, have
It is possible that in a modern translation of an old text, more words are used because otherwise an adequate translation would be impossible or difficult to understand.
Task 12:
hēlen, hēlde, hēled | helpen, halp, hulpen, holpen | |||
mood | Present | past | present | past |
Indicative | ||||
I | Hēle | Hēle | helpe | halp |
thou | Hēlest | hēldst | helpest | halpdst |
he | Hēleth | hēlde | helpeth | halp |
we, ye, they | Hēlen | hēlden | helpen | hulpen |
Subjunctive | ||||
I, thou, he | Hēle | --- | helpe | --- |
we, ye, they | Hēlen | hēlden | helpen | hulpen |
Imperative | ||||
thou | Hēle | --- | helpe | --- |
ye | Hēlen | --- | helpen | --- |
Task 13:
All verbs | have | do | others | |||||
-th | -s | -th | -s | -th | -s | -th | -s | |
Number | 4 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
% | 36,4 | 63,6 | 100 | 0 | --- | --- | 12,5 | 87,5 |
Strong: might, spake, could
Weak: joined /-d/, bent /-t/, said /-d/, sharp-witted /-Vd/, answered /-d/, possessed /-t/, grieved /-d/, beloved /-d/, forced /-t/, accustomed /-d/, bestowed /-d/